Variable Set 1- As percent of service workers RISES, Income per person (GDP per Capita) RISES
Variable set 2- As children per women DECRESASES, HDI INCREASES
http://screencast.com/t/jCyS5CSM8OwPart One:
a. In variable set one I am comparing the percent of the labor force engaged in the service industry, (which include jobs like health care, financial services, and government telecommunications) to income per person, or GDP per capita. GDP takes the gross domestic product of a country and divides it by the number of people within that given country in dollars per person. In the second video I am comparing children per women in a country (total fertility rate) to the HDI (Human Development Index).
HDI is measured by education level, health level and living standard.
b. The distribution of a country's labor force through the agricultural, industrial and service sectors are good indicators of a country's economic development. A less economic developed country will have a higher percentage of labor in the agricultural sector. A more developed country will have a high percentage in the service sector. Service sector employees often need a higher level of education and countries with more people working in this sector offer more educational opportunities. Economic development and GDP go hand in hand. The higher the gross domestic product per person, the higher the economic development of the country. Often times countries with more children per woman are less economically developed, due to a lack in education of women and/or accessibility to contraceptives. If a country's HDI is high, because of good health, education levels and living standard, this results in high economic development.
Part Two:
a. The majority of North and Central America, Eastern Asia and most of Europe pull ahead in the percent of workers employed in the service industry as well as GDP per capita in the 1980's. Yet China is the country with the least percentage of service workers and one of the countries with the lowest GDP per capita in the early 90's. Most of the Caribbean islands have a high percentage of labor engaged in the service sector, with a medium income per person. Ukraine is an outlier in Europe. In the 1990's Ukraine had the lowest GDP per capita and percent of labor force in the service sector in Europe. In the second video North and South America, East Asia and Europe are in the lead in 2011 with the rest of the world, with Africa farther behind. Africa has the highest amount of children per women and the lowest HDI. Although Mauritius leads Africa with number of children per woman at 1.5 and HDI of .728 in 2011. I assumed that countries with less children per women world have a higher HDI, but this is not always true. For example, Saudi Arabia had an average of 7.2 children per women, and a 0.651 HDI in the 1980's. China had and average of 2.3 children per woman, and a 0.404 HDI. In the 2000's Europe, North and South America are in the lead along with the Middle East.
b. If people are employed in tertiary activities (service sector) there is a lesser need for employment in the agricultural and industrial sectors. In order to achieve this mechanization has to occur, replacing the jobs of people out in the fields and in the factories. When countries adopt new technologies they mechanize and their labor force shifts to the service sector. The service sector pays higher wages, which explains the rise in GDP per capita for countries with more people working the service sector. Wages can be lower in different parts of the world, especially concerning tourism. This explains GDP per capita differences in South America and Central America, where tourism is a key component in their economy. Countries in Europe and North America that have people working in the service sector because a lot of technology has diffused there, making the transition to the tertiary sector possible. Countries in Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia have very high average of children per woman. This is partially due to a lack of education. Another reason could simply be religious beliefs and practices, especially in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia, an oil rich country has a high HDI, because it is able to provide its people with living essentials. Over powering Government can cause lower HDI in a country. An example of this is China. The government enforced the one child policy and people were forced not to have children rather than choosing not to in order to focus on their careers. China's dangerous working conditions and poverty also contribute to a low HDI.
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